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Technical feasibility of laser welding
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The basic characteristics of laser (stimulated radiation light) are: monochromaticness, directionality
The basic characteristics of laser (stimulated radiation light) are: monochromaticness, directionality, and correlation. These unique properties, coupled with the resulting ultra-high brightness, ultra-short pulses and other properties, make it tightly combined with modern industry. Together, these characteristics are very suitable for welding processing. Lasers are generally classified according to the different working substances that produce laser, mainly semiconductor (GaAs,InP, etc.) lasers, solid (Nd:YAG, etc.) lasers, gas (CO2, He-Ne, etc.) lasers, liquid (tunable dyes, etc.) lasers, chemical lasers, free electron lasers, etc. Among them, the gas laser uses gas or metal vapor as the luminescent particle, which is a kind of laser with many kinds, diversified excitation mode, wide laser wavelength distribution area, easy to realize high power continuous output and wide application. Solid-state laser is to produce laser particles doped in the solid matrix, its concentration is larger than the gas, which can obtain a relatively large laser energy output, with large energy, high peak power, compact mechanism, firm and durable. In laser welding, the laser of these two kinds of excited substances is mainly used.
The application of laser welding technology in the manufacturing field is growing steadily, from pulse to continuous, from low power to high power, from thin plate to thick piece, from simple single seam to complex shape, laser welding has gradually become a mature modern processing technology in the process of continuous evolution. Laser welding is divided into pulsed laser welding and continuous laser welding, and can be divided into heat conduction welding and deep penetration welding in continuous welding. With the improvement of laser output power, especially the emergence of high-power CO2 laser, laser deep penetration technology has been developed rapidly at home and abroad. The large welding aspect ratio has reached 12:1. The laser welding material has also developed from ordinary low carbon steel to today's welding galvanized plate, aluminum plate, titanium plate, copper plate and ceramic material. The laser welding speed has also reached tens of meters per minute, and the laser welding technology is becoming more and more mature, and a large number of applications to the production line, in the automobile production line such as gear welding, automobile floor and structural parts (including the door body) of high-speed welding and has achieved huge economic and social benefits.
According to relevant statistics, in developed industrial countries in Europe and America, 50%-70% of auto parts are processed by laser. Among them, laser welding is the main and cutting is the main. Laser welding has become a standard process in the automotive industry. Laser welding of body panels can weld metal plates with different thicknesses and different surface coatings together, and then press them, so that the panel structure can achieve a reasonable metal combination. The speed of laser welding is about 4.5 m/min, and there is little deformation, eliminating the secondary processing. Laser welding accelerates the process of using stamping parts instead of forging parts. The use of laser welding can reduce the lap width and some reinforcing parts, and can also compress the volume of the body structure itself. The weight of the body alone can be reduced by 56kg. Laser welding is used for the welding of the roof shell and the frame, and the welding of the transmission converter cover. It is controlled by CNC. Its cycle time is about 16 seconds, the actual welding time is only 3 seconds, and it can run continuously for 24 hours a day. Used to weld the gearbox assembly and chassis of a car, the laser beam welding speed is fast, easy to automate control and easy to merge into a flexible manufacturing system, the laser beam improves the manufacturer's product design and production cycle, reducing the scrap rate of the finished product.
Laser,Laser,Welding
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